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Libelle of note

Fine veins emptying into the ventral aspect of the inferior vena cava and its tributaries (Turyna et al. 2013 J Anat 223:69-73).

The Truncus gastropancreaticocolicus is a short venous trunk, usually formed by the confluence of the right gastroomental vein, the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein and the superior right colic vein, draining into the superior mesenteric vein (Stefura et al. 2018 Clin Anat 31:1109-1121).

The Splenomesenteric trunk is the last segment of the splenic vein between its confluence with the inferior mesenteric vein and the beginning of the portal vein (Benninger 2013 Folia Morphol 72:63-66).

Under pathological conditions, venovenous ‘bypasses’ open to decrease hypertension in the portal vein system. These are enlarged existing venovenous anastomoses: Portocaval anastomoses. The following major routes can be distinguished (Luzsa G 1972 Röntgenanatomie des Gefäßsystems. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest; Kachlik et al. 2021 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 21:208-220).

Between tributaries of the left gastric vein and the oesophageal veins.

Between tributaries of the superior rectal vein and the middle and inferior rectal veins.

Between the paraumbilical veins and tributaries of the superficial eipgastric and thoracoepigastric veins.

Between the paraumbilical veins and tributaties of the inferior and superior epigastric veins within both rectus abdominis muscles.

Between the paraumbilical veins and tributaries of the vesical venous plexus running in the midline along the median umbilical ligament.

Between veins of the spleen and retroperitoneal veins and veins of the posterior abdominal wall.

Between veins of the hepatic capsule and veins of the diaphragm at the area nuda hepatis.

Between the inferior mesenteric vein and the middle and inferior rectal veins.